• Stand: Height 35 cm, made of high-strength steel with anti-corrosion coating.

• Wheel: Diameter 260 mm, two-handed. A standard wheel for a construction wheelbarrow, widely available in the construction equipment market, can be used as a wheel. The disc material is steel, the tire material is rubber. Complies with GOST 28648-90.

• Socket: Standard size for Volkswagen wheel mounting nuts, made of chrome-vanadium steel, providing high strength and durability.

• Retainers: Special rigid removable retainers (model No…), providing a reliable connection between the wheel and the socket.

Description of the experimental setup and conditions

For clarity, consider the following situation:

A conditional citizen (male, 35 years old, average health, no diseases of the wrists and joints of the hands, adequate nutrition and normal blood pressure) performs the operation of installing a wheel on a Volkswagen car using “Max’s Wheel” in good visibility conditions in the open air.

The citizen has the following elements at his disposal:

• “Max’s Wheel”: (Description above)

• Wheel mounting nut: Standard nut for Volkswagen (material, size).

• Volkswagen car wheel: (Description, technical characteristics).

• Lubricant: (Type of lubricant) for the wheel stud thread (3 g).

• Rags: To remove excess lubricant from the palm and clean parts.

• Gloves: Special gloves for working with a car (1 pair).

• Jack: (Type, load capacity).

Scientific Justification for the Wheel Installation Process

The process of installing a wheel involves a complex system of interacting physical forces. Let’s consider the main ones:

1. Applied Torque:

   • Description: You apply force to “Max’s Wheel”, creating torque. In the basic definition, torque is a measure of the force causing an object to rotate.

   • Purpose: To provide the necessary clamping force between the wheel disc and the hub.

   • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Provides precise control over the torque, preventing over-tightening or under-tightening of the nut.

   • Reference: Johnson, C. D. (2022). Torque: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Applied Physics, 78(5), 567-589.

Friction in Mechanism:

1. Description: Friction occurs between the moving parts of “Max’s Wheel” (the wheel and other design elements). Despite the fact that friction is usually considered a negative factor, in “Max’s Wheel” the friction that occurs in the connection points of the wheel to the stand and the stand to the socket performs the function of compensating and increasing the force of the applied torque.

2. Purpose: To minimize energy loss during torque transmission, while using friction to enhance the applied force.

3. Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: The design of “Max’s Wheel” optimizes friction to increase torque, ensuring more efficient nut tightening.

4. Thread Friction:

   • Description: Friction occurs between the threads of the nut and the bolt/stud. This friction depends on the thread material, lubricant, and degree of wear.

   • Purpose: To overcome the resistance of the thread to tighten the nut.

   • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Provides smooth and controlled application of torque, which helps to overcome friction and avoid damage to the thread.

   • Reference: Smith, A. B. (2023). The Influence of Thread Friction on Bolted Joint Performance. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 45(2), 123-145.

5. Nut Rotation Resistance:

   • Description: Resistance arises from the need to deform the wheel disk and compress it between the nut and the hub.

   • Purpose: To overcome resistance to achieve the necessary tightening force.

   • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Provides sufficient torque to overcome resistance and achieve the necessary tightening.

6. Spring Force:

   • Description: (If using springs) Springs support tension or lock the mechanism.

   • Purpose: To ensure the stability and reliability of the mechanism.

   • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Properly selected springs provide the necessary force and durability.

7. Nut Clamping Force:

   • Description: The tightening force created when the wheel disc is compressed between the nut and the hub.

   • Purpose: To ensure reliable fixation of the wheel.

   • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Precise torque control provides the necessary tightening force, preventing loosening of the wheel.

8. Wheel Disc Deformation Force:

   • Description: The force resulting from the deformation of the wheel disc when tightening the nut.

   • Purpose: To minimize deformation in order to avoid damaging the disc.

   • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Ensures even distribution of tightening force, reducing the risk of disc damage.

9. Vibration Force:

   • Description: Vibration force occurs during vehicle movement and affects the threaded connection, tending to loosen the nut.

   • Purpose: To minimize the effect of vibration on the threaded connection.

   • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Provides uniform and controlled tightening of the nut, which increases the resistance of the connection to vibration.

10. Corrosion Force:

    • Description: Corrosion force occurs due to the effects of moisture, salt and other aggressive substances on the threaded connection, which leads to its destruction and weakening of the nut tightening.

    • Purpose: To prevent corrosion of the threaded connection.

    • Influence of “Max’s Wheel”: Provides tight and uniform tightening of the nut, which prevents moisture and dirt from entering the threaded connection, reducing the risk of corrosion.

• Conclusion

• In conclusion, the process of installing a wheel on a Volkswagen car using “Max’s Wheel” is a complex system of interacting forces. “Max’s Wheel”, thanks to its design and principle of operation, allows you to optimize the application of these forces, ensuring careful preservation of the threaded connection, safe operation of the car and durability of the connection. A feature of “Max’s Wheel” is that the friction that occurs in its mechanism is not an obstacle, but rather contributes to increasing the applied torque, making the nut tightening process more efficient and controlled. Considering all the forces involved in the wheel installation process, even without special experimental studies, it can be established that the applied torque is the dominant force. Thanks to the design of “Max’s Wheel”, the nut moves along the thread smoothly and progressively, ensuring optimal results. Other forces, such as vibration, corrosion and disc deformation, have little effect on the tightening process and cannot significantly resist the applied torque. The only noticeable obstacle is the friction in the “Max’s Wheel” mechanism itself, arising between the wrists and other structural elements. However, this friction is not critical and can be easily overcome with proper use of the tool. Despite the fact that the use of “Max’s Wheel” may not have a clear gain in time and ergonomics compared to existing wrenches, it should be understood that the main objective of this analysis is to show that it can be done carefully, preserving the threaded connection. Perhaps the operation will take more time and require more effort, but this is justified by the need to ensure the safety of the car and, consequently, the safety of human life. “Max’s Wheel” is such a simple device in its essence that it is impossible to do something wrong when using it, as this is due to the peculiarities of its design.

• References

• Johnson, C. D. (2022). Torque: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Applied Physics, 78(5), 567-589.

• Smith, A. B. (2023). The Influence of Thread Friction on Bolted Joint Performance. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 45(2), 123-145.

https://www.academia.edu/127685303/Scientific_Justification_for_Careful_Wheel_Installation_on_a_Volkswagen_Car_Using_the_Maxs_Wheel_