Доброго времени суток, товарищи. Работаю ветеринаром, и работаю совсем немного (год назад выпустился). И получилось так, что я остался на своей любимой ферме за главного (и единственного) врача. У меня вопрос, возможно кто-то из вас сталкивался с таким заболеванием как илеит? Если да, то очень прошу подсказать как поступать с ним, поскольку от гугла обнадеживающего ответа не добился. Заранее всем спасибо и плюсик в карму
Proliferative Ileitis (Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis Complex, Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy, Regional Ileitis, Proliferative Hemorrhagic Enteropathy)
Potbellied Pig Manual, January 2012. Lisle George
Proliferative ileitis has not been identified in pot bellied pigs, but these animals are susceptible to the disease, and transmission is possible because the causative bacteria are widely disseminated among commercial swine. Proliferative enteritis appears to be a pathological description of numerous infectious agents rather than a single infectious disease. There are numerous terms for the proliferative bowel diseases, and the relationships between the pathologic entities remains unclear. Proliferative intestinal adenomatosis affects the post-weaned pig while proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy occurs in adults. Nevertheless, the obligate intracellular anaerobe, Lawsonia intracellularis is considered to be the principal etiological agent of all clinical forms. A thermophile, Campylobacter hyoliei, has also been isolated from the intestine of some pigs with proliferative ileitis. The Lawsonia bacterium does not produce the typical proliferative enteritis that is commonly seen in clinical outbreaks and does not induce proliferative lesions in the intestines of gnotobiotic piglets. Conversely, proliferative enteritis can be reproduced by infection of random source piglets with Lawsonia intracellulare. Lawsonia is thought to be of greater relative importance than is Campylobacter in the full syndrome of proliferative ileitis. Synergism between the Lawsonia and Campylobacter have been postulated, but the importance of the additive effect is unclear. The prevalence of proliferative ileitis in commercial swine ranges between 0.7 and 2%, with most documented cases originating in the United States, Europe, and Canada. White breeds of pigs including Large White and Landrace are most susceptible to the Lawsonia infection. Lawsonia DNA has been detected in ileal specimens of deer, mice, ostrich, hamsters and horses, but the pathogenicity of the agent for these animals is unknown.
Proliferative ileitis is increasing in importance in commercially reared swine because intensive management systems favor the transmission and perpetuation of the agent. Proliferative ileitis is most common during periods where there are extremes of environmental temperatures.
In feces, Lawsonia intracellularis can remain viable for as long as 2 weeks, and stool may contain as much as 108 organisms per gram. As many as 40% of swine farms may be infected. Higher prevalences are noted in larger farms.
Pigs ranging between 2 and 8 months of age are most susceptible to Lawsonia infection, although adults can also be infected. The incubation period ranges between 2 and 3 weeks, and fecal excretion can persist for up to 10 weeks. One carrier pig may shed as much as 108 bacteria per gram of feces daily. The bacterium can survive in the soil for as long as 2 weeks at an ambient temperature of 5°C.
Although proliferative ileitis occurs most commonly in the winter months, a significant proportion of clinical cases develop during the summer. Large temperature swings between daytime highs and nighttime lows seem to precipitate acute attacks. During an attack, as many as 50% of susceptible pigs may be affected.
Clinical signs of proliferative ileitis include:
Initial anorexia and lethargy coupled with a firm dark stool and fever of unknown origin (> 103°F). Pigs may die suddenly from blood loss.
The dark stool is initially negative for occult blood.
In some pigs, there may be a sudden onset of bloody diarrhea with the stool containing a mixture of hematochezia and melena.
Death often occurs within 4 to 5 days from anemia and dehydration. The mortality rate ranges between 10 and 50% of affected animals. Pigs that don't succumb require 1 to 3 weeks before they return to normal.
Diagnosis of Proliferative Enteritis
Clinicopathologic changes are nonspecific, and include hypoalbuminemia, nonregenerative anemia, and left shift with neutrophilia. The blood pH and bicarbonate concentrations tend to remain normal. There is no accurate antemortem diagnostic test except for intestinal biopsy. Lawsonia may be identified in tissues and stool using polymerase chain assay. The primer sequences are known, and represent the 3' and 5' ends of a 309 bp region of the Lawsonia genome. Fluorescent antibody tests using stool and tissues from infected animals have been developed. The agent can be grown on Henle cells, but do not grow in standard laboratory media.
The ileum may be normal, but in many cases, the mucosa is hyperplastic, and contains numerous inflammatory cells. The infectious agent can be detected by fluorescent antibody staining of gut sections or of feces, by in situ and ex vivo polymerase chain reactions, and in situ hybridization of fluorescein labelled rRNA probes. Antemortem diagnosis using these methods is highly specific but lacks acceptable sensitivity for employment in an antemortem clinical setting. Lawsonia is an obligate intracellular bacterium. It is propagated on cell cultures incubated in a microanaerobic environment, and must be released from cells using hyaluronidase before it can be pathogenic.
Necropsy lesions include thickening of the small and large intestinal walls, loose stool within the bowel lumen, subserosal and mucosal edema. Microscopic changes include adenomatosis of the glandular epithelium, cryptal abscesses, and ileal epithelial cell necrosis. Numerous bacteria are packed into the individual mucosal cells. Necrosis and vascular leakage of fibrinogen result in intestinal casts. The ileum may be diffusely thickened, and rigid. Lesions occur exclusively in the ileum.
Diagnosis is usually by examination of a biopsied section of inflamed bowel. The tissue should be surgically biopsied.
Clinical Tip: Prior to biopsy for Laswonia intracellularis, treat suspect animals with tylosin (100 ppm daily in feed, for 2 weeks), and check for feces whipworms and salmonellosis.
Treatment of Proliferative Ileitis
Treatment of proliferative ileitis should include:
Maintain warmth in the face of blood loss.
Administer tylosin 8 to 30 mg/kg IM twice daily, or tylosin at 100 ppm in feed daily for 14 days, or oxytetracycline, long-acting 20 mg/kg IM every third day, or tiamulin (60 mg/l in water for pigs that will drink, or 10 to 15 mg/kg one time daily, intramuscularly).
Of these drugs, tylosin has been used most frequently and successfully for this condition. The minimum inhibitory bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations of tylosin for Lawsonia are 4 and 64 µg/ml respectively.
Intravenous fluids or whole blood should be administered as necessary in order to maintain blood volume. As much as 2.5 times maintenance volumes can be given daily for 1 to 2 days. The daily fluid maintenance volume requirement for a pig is 40 to 80 ml/kg.
The medications may need to be administered for the entire growth phase.
Disinfect the premises with either quaternary ammonium or iodine based compounds. Campylobacter hyointestinalis infection may occur concomitantly to the Lawsonia. The campylobacteria have some limited zoonotic potential for immunosuppressed human beings. Be sure to quarantine any infected pig from human exposure.
Clinical Tip: Transfusions can be performed on pot bellied pigs by collecting blood from the jugular vein of a normal anesthetized pig. Insert an 18 gauge spinal needle in the vein, and collect the blood in an evacuated ACD bottle. Administer 1 to 2 liters of blood through a filter set. Prior to collection, the blood of donor and recipient must be matched using the human ABO blood group reagents.
Доброго вечера. Работаю врачом. Роды принимаю. На практике был лучшим, из куклы вылетало, я с 3-х метров ловил, но не об этом. Я тут один остался, как главный (маме расскажу) и вот что. Тут баба орёт, чё делать хз, говорит рожаю (бред, маникены не орали). Короч, что делать, там чёт показалось, но я хз. Подскажите чё как, либо уйти лучше может? Есть кто знает? С меня лайки и подписка. Селфи с орущей бабой.jpg
омфг. именно об этом и подумал. да и животных жалко.
неужели в ближайшем центре нет профессионалов с которыми можно посоветоваться?
Если это свиньи у них есть страсть жрать горячую не остывшую пищу, а потом они долго угнетенные после этого и некоторые могут и помереть, в зависимости от повреждений кишечника. Могут так же соли обожраться - тоже кишечник будет воспален. Может быть эймериоз - тоже тонкий кишечник будет поражен, но он в основном у молодых свиней. В общем нужно больше анамнеза.
Если это свиньи у них есть страсть жрать горячую не остывшую пищу, а потом они долго угнетенные после этого и некоторые могут и помереть, в зависимости от повреждений кишечника. Могут так же соли обожраться - тоже кишечник будет воспален. Может быть эймериоз - тоже тонкий кишечник будет поражен, но он в основном у молодых свиней. В общем нужно больше анамнеза.
Илеит в лаборатории поставили просто по тому, что тонкий кишечник был воспален. Анамнез скотинки какой?
Мне гугл выдал http://piginfo.ru/disease/?ELEMENT_ID=5551
Вроде бы достаточно доходчиво написано, что с ним делать.
